In Abruzzo, regional and national regulations clearly distinguish between elevated agrivoltaic systems and ground-mounted photovoltaic installations. Elevated agrivoltaic plants are permitted on agricultural land provided that structures are raised at least 2.1 m above ground for crops and 1.3 m for livestock, ensuring the continuation of agricultural and zootechnical activities. Conversely, ground-mounted PV systems are prohibited on productive farmland, except for specific cases such as Renewable Energy Communities (CER), projects under the PNRR/PNC programmes, small-scale self-consumption installations (

In Basilicata, elevated agrivoltaic systems are permitted mainly in “suitable areas” defined by national and regional frameworks, provided agricultural activity continues beneath the panels. The region promotes advanced agrivoltaics in marginal or low-impact zones, aligning with the national Decree 199/2021 and Testo Unico FER 190/2024, which generally ban ground-mounted PV on farmland except for CER, PNRR/PNC, revamping, or ≤20 kW self-consumption projects. Basilicata is drafting its own law to support elevated systems with incentives and simplified procedures. For traditional ground-mounted PV, installations on farmland remain restricted, while projects are encouraged in industrial, degraded, or disused areas. The regional framework (LR 1/2010) includes environmental screening and technical guidelines to ensure landscape integration. In industrial zones—especially “complex crisis areas”—the region allows large-scale PV, simplified authorisations, and incentives for energy conversion and revamping, positioning Basilicata as a growing hub for industrial renewable development.

In Calabria, the installation of elevated agrivoltaic systems on agricultural land is permitted only under specific conditions, in line with Legislative Decrees 199/2021 and 190/2024, as well as Regional Resolution No. 312/2025. Installations are allowed for Renewable Energy Communities (CER), PNRR/PNC-funded projects, revamping of existing plants, and small-scale systems ≤20 kW for self-consumption. The Region is defining suitable areas, including marginal or fallow land, but applies strict limits such as the 10% cap on usable agricultural surface—currently under review. Regulatory updates are expected to encourage advanced agrivoltaic technologies and the conversion of disused industrial sites and quarries. Ground-mounted PV on productive farmland remains prohibited, except for limited exemptions, while installations on degraded or industrial areas are promoted. The regional framework aligns with national law, providing simplified environmental procedures (VIA) only for non-agricultural land. In industrial zones, photovoltaic systems are fully permitted, with faster authorisation processes and dedicated funding schemes (e.g. FEERI Fund 2025), supporting Calabria’s broader goals of energy transition and industrial decarbonisation.

In Campania, the installation of elevated agrivoltaic systems on agricultural land is permitted in compliance with national and regional regulations defining suitable areas and environmental–agronomic criteria. National law bans ground-mounted PV on farmland but allows exceptions for elevated systems, Renewable Energy Communities (CER), revamping projects, and small self-consumption installations ≤20 kW. Suitable areas include those near infrastructure, former quarries, and industrial or degraded zones, while protected or high-value agricultural areas remain excluded. The Region has issued detailed agro-technical guidelines (e.g. DRD 162/2024) setting minimum heights—2.1 m for crops, 1.3 m for livestock—and promoting advanced agrivoltaics through incentives and simplified procedures. Ground-mounted PV remains prohibited on productive farmland except for specific exemptions, but municipalities cannot impose blanket bans, as confirmed by TAR Campania (judgment 881/2025). Installations are instead encouraged in industrial, degraded, or marginal areas, benefiting from streamlined permitting. Campania is expected to update its “suitable areas” framework to include more marginal lands and to balance renewable expansion with agricultural preservation.

In Emilia-Romagna, elevated agrivoltaic systems are permitted only on agricultural land under specific restrictions — primarily on certified-crop areas where advanced suspended technologies ensure continued cultivation and coexistence with energy production. The ground coverage of supporting structures may not exceed 10% of the available land. Installations are also allowed on non-certified or marginal farmland, provided they maintain full compatibility with agricultural practices and mechanised operations. National legislation (Legislative Decree 199/2021, Decree-Law 63/2024, and the MASE Decree of 21 June 2024) prohibits ground-mounted PV on agricultural land except for defined exemptions, allowing only advanced elevated agrivoltaic systems in cultivated areas. The Region complements these rules through Regional Resolution 693/2024 and the new “Suitable Areas” law (May 2025), which introduces stringent criteria for soil protection, priority zoning, and the promotion of advanced agrivoltaic solutions. Ground-mounted PV remains banned on productive farmland, with limited exceptions for Renewable Energy Communities (CER), PNRR/PNC projects, revamping, and small-scale systems ≤20 kW. Conversely, installations are fully authorised on industrial land, former quarries, and closed landfills, where the Region has simplified permitting procedures and introduced incentives to regenerate degraded areas, concentrating new photovoltaic capacity within these priority zones.

In Friuli Venezia Giulia, suspended agrivoltaic systems can be installed only on land meeting strict national and regional requirements. Suitable areas mainly include agricultural plots when the system is of the advanced suspended type, capable of ensuring full agricultural productivity below the panels. Industrial zones, former quarries, degraded areas, and marginal farmland are also admissible under specific exceptions (CER, PNRR/PNC, revamping, ≤20 kW self-consumption). Technical standards require a minimum clearance from the ground, structural transparency, and annual agronomic monitoring. The national framework (Legislative Decree 199/2021, MASE Decree 22 Feb 2024) bans ground-mounted PV on farmland, except in limited cases, and defines “advanced agrivoltaics” as systems that maintain at least 70% of agricultural yield and enable mechanised farming. Regionally, Law No. 2 of 4 March 2025 reinforces these principles by restricting ground-mounted PV on farmland to a maximum of 3% of each municipality’s agricultural area and imposing buffer zones around installations. Suspended agrivoltaics are exempt from quantitative caps but must meet landscape and agricultural compatibility criteria. Ground-mounted PV is prioritised only on industrial, commercial, or degraded land, with simplified permitting and incentives for brownfield redevelopment. The regional strategy explicitly promotes renewable deployment on industrial and infrastructural areas, excluding any new occupation of productive farmland.

In Lazio, elevated agrivoltaic systems are permitted on agricultural land and are clearly distinguished from the restrictions applying to ground-mounted photovoltaic systems. National legislation (Decree-Law 63/2024, converted into Law 101/2024) prohibits ground-mounted PV installations on productive farmland but allows “agrivoltaic” systems — including elevated ones — provided they ensure the effective coexistence of agricultural and energy production. Regional guidelines (DGR 390/2022) define suitable and excluded areas, requiring compliance with local agricultural and landscape constraints. Exceptions include advanced agrivoltaic systems, CER projects, PNRR/PNC initiatives, revamping, and small self-consumption systems ≤20 kW. Projects above threshold sizes are subject to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Regulatory developments are ongoing: the TAR Lazio (Judgment 9155/2025) partially annulled the 2024 “Suitable Areas Decree,” prompting a national review of the criteria used to classify eligible zones. Future reforms will likely expand the definition of marginal or degraded areas (e.g. quarries, industrial brownfields, certified-crop sites) as priorities for advanced agrivoltaics. Ground-mounted PV on farmland remains banned except under the limited national exemptions, while installations on industrial, degraded, or reclaimed areas are authorised and benefit from simplified permitting. The Region applies the national framework strictly but is expected to update its Energy Plan and regional guidelines to align with forthcoming national reforms and to promote innovative agrivoltaic technologies.

In Liguria, the installation of elevated agrivoltaic systems on agricultural land is permitted, following national legislation (Legislative Decree 199/2021 and Ministerial Decree 22 December 2023) and the “Suitable Areas” decrees. These allow photovoltaic systems, including suspended ones, only if classified as advanced agrivoltaics — meaning they must ensure ongoing agricultural use and minimal environmental impact. Suitable areas exclude land with landscape, hydrogeological, or environmental restrictions and require a minimum distance from cultural heritage sites. Eligible projects include those developed by agricultural enterprises, cooperatives, or consortia, as well as CER, PNRR/PNC, and small self-consumption installations ≤20 kW. The Region aligns with national rules without adding restrictions and provides procedural guidance through online permitting tools. Future regulatory updates are expected to extend eligibility to marginal or abandoned farmland, introduce digital permitting simplifications, and align with the EU RED III directive. Incentives are foreseen for advanced agrivoltaic projects integrating agriculture and energy. Ground-mounted PV on farmland remains prohibited under the Agriculture Decree (DL 63/2024, Law 101/2024), except for revamping, PNRR/PNC, CER, and degraded or disused areas such as quarries or landfills. Industrial areas, by contrast, are fully authorised for PV installations. Liguria promotes such projects through simplified permitting (PAS or AU), incentives for self-consumption, and regeneration of disused industrial land. Upcoming reforms under the RED III directive are expected to further streamline authorisations and expand renewable deployment on industrial and infrastructural sites.

In Lombardy, elevated agrivoltaic systems on agricultural land are permitted in accordance with national legislation, which bans new traditional ground-mounted photovoltaic plants but allows specific exceptions for Renewable Energy Communities (CER), PNRR/PNC-funded projects, revamping, small self-consumption systems ≤20 kW, and projects already authorised before the latest decree. Suitable areas are defined according to Legislative Decree 199/2021; the Region, following a TAR ruling, suspended its additional local restrictions and aligned fully with the national framework. Ongoing regulatory updates are expected to expand the list of suitable areas to include former quarries, landfills, and marginal lands, with procedural simplifications for advanced agrivoltaic systems. Elevated installations must comply with technical requirements — including minimum module heights (1.3–2.1 m) and the obligation to maintain agricultural activity for at least 20 years — and qualify for incentives if they demonstrate dual agricultural and energy productivity. Ground-mounted PV on farmland remains prohibited, except for the specified exemptions. Industrial and degraded areas are classified as “suitable zones”, benefitting from simplified permitting and financial incentives. The new Regional Bill on “Suitable Areas for Renewables” and Regional Law 8/2025 set stringent criteria to protect productive farmland while encouraging the reuse of disused industrial sites and the energy regeneration of brownfields. In industrial contexts, Lombardy actively promotes self-consumption projects and Renewable Energy Communities through simplified procedures (PAS, AU) and access to FER2 and PNRR funding. The Region stands out as one of the most advanced in implementing national renewable regulations, balancing agricultural protection with large-scale solar development.

In the Marche Region, elevated agrivoltaic systems may be installed on agricultural land only under strict technical and environmental conditions. They are limited to “advanced” systems that ensure the continuity of farming activities without compromising the underlying crops. National legislation (Legislative Decree 199/2021 and Ministerial Decree of 21 June 2024) defines “suitable areas” — such as marginal land, disused industrial sites, and quarries — while excluding zones of high agricultural or environmental value. Regional Law 4/2024 established a registry of agricultural surfaces hosting such installations and requires municipalities and provinces to report all authorisations issued. Derogations are allowed for projects funded under PNRR/PNC, Renewable Energy Communities (CER), revamping initiatives, and small self-consumption systems, provided they use elevated configurations. The Region is also preparing technical guidelines to promote advanced agrivoltaic systems and streamline permitting procedures. Ground-mounted PV systems are prohibited on farmland, except for the limited exemptions provided by the 2024 Agriculture Decree (DL 63/2024) and Legislative Decree 199/2021. Industrial areas, quarries, landfills, and degraded sites are fully considered suitable and benefit from simplified approval processes. Regional Law 4/2024 formally distinguishes suitable from non-suitable areas and requires, for large-scale plants on agricultural land, an agricultural servitude equal to ten times the surface occupied by the installation. On industrial, artisanal, and logistics land — whether active or disused — photovoltaic installations are explicitly authorised, subject to simplified permitting (PAS or AU) and reduced landscape constraints. Marche aligns with Legislative Decree 199/2021 and the 2024 “Suitable Areas” Decree, focusing photovoltaic development on industrial and degraded sites in line with decarbonisation goals and the protection of productive farmland.

In Molise, ground-mounted photovoltaic systems on agricultural land are generally prohibited, except for the specific exemptions provided under national law — such as Renewable Energy Communities (CER), PNRR/PNC projects, revamping, and small self-consumption systems up to 20 kW. The Region is implementing the mapping of “suitable” and “excluded” areas, in line with Legislative Decree 199/2021 and the Ministerial Decree of 21 June 2024, to balance renewable energy expansion with agricultural protection. Future updates are expected to encourage the use of marginal or degraded land and the adoption of advanced suspended agrivoltaic systems, considered more sustainable and compatible with agricultural activity. Regional policies will likely include incentives and simplified authorisation procedures for these installations. National legislation (Legislative Decree 199/2021, DL 63/2024) bans ground-mounted PV on farmland but identifies as “suitable” certain areas within 500 metres of industrial zones, quarries, or landfills, provided no landscape or cultural restrictions apply. It also recognises suspended agrivoltaics as a sustainable dual-use model. Regionally, Molise has not yet adopted a specific law on “suitable areas,” though the regional government is preparing one to formalise criteria and procedures. Current practice follows national rules, reinforced by court rulings (TAR Molise 2025) confirming state-level primacy over restrictive local regulations. Industrial areas, degraded zones, and disused sites are the preferred locations for new PV plants, benefitting from simplified authorisation and targeted incentives. The Region’s forthcoming framework will focus on energy transition through the reuse of non-agricultural land, avoiding impacts on productive farmland.

In Piedmont, the installation of ground-mounted photovoltaic systems on agricultural land is prohibited in areas of high agronomic value, including those with DOP, IGP, DOC, and DOCG certifications or classified as Class I and II agricultural soils. On such land, only elevated agrivoltaic systems are permitted, provided they maintain at least 70% of the average agricultural productivity recorded over the previous five years. Legislative Decree 199/2021 and Decree-Law 63/2024 reaffirm the national ban on ground-mounted PV installations on farmland, except for specific exemptions such as Renewable Energy Communities (CER), PNRR/PNC-funded projects, revamping, and small self-consumption systems ≤20 kW. The Ministerial Decree of 21 June 2024 (“Suitable Areas Decree”) assigns regional authorities the responsibility of identifying and updating eligible zones. Regional resolutions adopted in 2023 imposed stringent restrictions, later partially annulled by the Council of State in 2025, reopening the debate on how to balance the protection of premium agricultural production with renewable energy development. A forthcoming revision is expected to expand the list of suitable areas to include marginal farmland, former quarries, disused industrial sites, and degraded surfaces. In industrial zones, photovoltaic installations are fully permitted. Industrial and production areas are considered “suitable by law” and benefit from simplified authorisation procedures (PAS or AU). The Region promotes self-consumption and CER projects on industrial and degraded sites, with potential incentives and integration into broader urban regeneration and energy transition initiatives.

In Puglia, elevated agrivoltaic systems are authorised primarily on agricultural land not excluded by national law, in compliance with Legislative Decree 199/2021. Exceptions apply to projects part of Renewable Energy Communities (CER), PNRR/PNC-funded initiatives, revamping of existing plants, and small self-consumption systems up to 20 kW. The Region distinguishes suitable and excluded areas based on agronomic, environmental, and landscape criteria, with particular protection for high-value crops and certified farmland (e.g. DOP, IGP). Regional authorisation integrates national guidelines, ensuring continuity of agricultural and pastoral activity beneath suspended structures. Future regulatory updates aim to extend eligibility to marginal or degraded farmland and promote advanced suspended agrivoltaic systems, including floating PV, supported by incentives and simplified permitting. Regional Law DGR 933/2025 introduces dedicated calls for advanced agrivoltaics and mandates agronomic monitoring to verify agricultural continuity. Ground-mounted PV on farmland remains heavily restricted. National and regional laws allow installations only in limited cases (CER, PNRR/PNC, revamping, ≤20 kW). The Region favours projects on non-productive or compromised land, such as quarries, brownfields, or industrial zones, following case-by-case landscape and environmental assessment. Industrial and degraded areas are fully prioritised for photovoltaic development. Regional policies promote repowering, self-consumption, and renewable energy communities on industrial sites, supported by simplified procedures (PAS, AU) and environmental mitigation requirements. Puglia’s regulatory framework thus seeks to reconcile agricultural protection with renewable energy expansion, focusing new solar capacity on industrial and marginal lands.

In Sardinia, national legislation generally prohibits ground-mounted photovoltaic installations on agricultural land, except in specific cases such as PNRR/PNC-funded projects, Renewable Energy Communities (CER), revamping of existing plants, and small self-consumption systems up to 20 kW. The Region adopted Regional Law No. 20/2024, which identifies suitable and non-suitable areas for renewable energy installations; however, its application is currently suspended due to a legal dispute with the national government, as the law effectively excluded most of the regional territory from eligibility. Pending the Constitutional Court’s ruling, the Ministry of the Environment continues to grant authorisations based on national criteria only. Revisions are being discussed to encourage elevated agrivoltaic systems on marginal or degraded farmland, supported by regional guidelines promoting coordination with municipalities and local land-use planning. A national review of the “Suitable Areas Decree” is also underway to balance landscape protection with renewable energy development. Photovoltaic installations on industrial, artisanal, and service land are fully permitted and represent a regional priority. Sardinia has increased the allowable land coverage in industrial zones from 10% to 20%, extendable to 35%, and introduced simplified authorisation procedures (PAS, AU) and dedicated incentives. Disused industrial sites, former quarries, and degraded areas are considered strategic for renewable energy deployment and benefit from regional programmes and funding aimed at advancing the energy transition.

In Sicily, elevated agrivoltaic systems can be installed on cultivated agricultural land, rooftops, canopies, or paved areas, excluding natural habitats and native vegetation zones. Regional regulation (Decree No. 1545/2025) requires that at least 70% of the land remain cultivable and that panel coverage not exceed 40% of the agricultural surface. Minimum clearance is set at 2.1 m for crops and 1.3 m for livestock, ensuring agricultural continuity. Exceptions under national law (DL 63/2024, Law 101/2024) allow suspended agrivoltaics, Renewable Energy Communities (CER), PNRR/PNC projects, and revamping. Future revisions aim to expand suitable areas, particularly marginal farmland, and to promote advanced agrivoltaic systems integrating renewable energy with agriculture. Updated regional guidelines seek to align with ministerial directives and simplify authorisation for projects on degraded or industrial land. Ground-mounted photovoltaic systems remain banned on productive farmland, except under national exemptions (CER, PNRR/PNC, revamping, ≤20 kW self-consumption). The Region differentiates between suitable areas (industrial, disused, or degraded) and excluded ones (active farmland), maintaining strict protection of agricultural productivity. Simplified procedures apply to industrial and non-agricultural areas, especially for projects under the PAS or PAUR framework. Industrial areas are fully authorised for PV development. Sicily encourages installations on disused industrial land, quarries, and brownfields through regional incentives and streamlined permitting. Regional policies prioritise renewable deployment in non-agricultural zones, aligning with the PNIEC and PNRR goals for the 2030 energy transition while safeguarding productive farmland.

In Tuscany, the installation of elevated agrivoltaic systems is permitted only on agricultural land classified as suitable by regional and municipal planning instruments, subject to strict technical and legal requirements. Such systems may be developed exclusively by professional agricultural enterprises, with a maximum capacity of 5 MW and a land occupation limit of 20% of the applicant’s productive surface. Installations are prohibited on high-value farmland (DOC, DOCG, DOP EVO oil, and Class 1–2 soils) and in areas subject to landscape, environmental, or irrigation-related restrictions. Municipalities play an active role in identifying and periodically reviewing suitable areas. Ongoing legislative updates aim to extend eligibility to marginal farmland, promote advanced agrivoltaic technologies, and streamline authorisation procedures. The Region is preparing specific tenders and technical guidelines focused on agricultural compatibility and dual land use. Ground-mounted photovoltaic systems remain prohibited on agricultural land, except under national exemptions (CER, PNRR/PNC, revamping, ≤20 kW). Industrial areas, exhausted quarries, and degraded sites are classified as suitable, benefiting from simplified permitting (PAS, AU) and reduced regulatory constraints. Regional Law 28/2025 aligns with national legislation and delegates to municipalities the management of suitable areas, with strong landscape safeguards such as buffer zones of at least 300 metres, and exclusions for UNESCO and protected natural sites. For industrial zones, the Region promotes the redevelopment of disused or degraded sites, introducing simplified authorisation pathways and regional calls for renewable energy projects. Planning is coordinated with the PNIEC 2030 objectives, focusing on energy transition through the reuse of productive and industrial land while preserving high-value agricultural soil.

In Trentino-Alto Adige, the installation of elevated agrivoltaic systems is permitted only under strict technical and regulatory conditions. These systems must ensure the continuation of agricultural activity without compromising cultivation, using elevated and easily removable structures. Installations are primarily allowed when developed by agricultural enterprises or within Renewable Energy Communities (CER), PNRR/PNC-funded projects, revamping initiatives, or small self-consumption systems up to 20 kW. A certified agronomic report demonstrating the maintenance of agricultural productivity is mandatory. Ground-mounted photovoltaic systems on farmland remain prohibited, except for the above exemptions, and are subject to stringent provincial landscape and urban planning regulations. The provinces of Trento and Bolzano apply specific criteria to protect rural landscapes and traditional production areas such as vineyards and orchards. At the national level (Legislative Decree 199/2021 and Ministerial Decree of 22 December 2023), only advanced agrivoltaic systems are permitted, requiring agronomic monitoring, minimum elevation, and panel transparency to support photosynthesis. The “Suitable Areas” Decree sets out technical parameters and mandates certified agronomic documentation to access incentives. The autonomous provinces also provide incentives for photovoltaic systems installed on marginal, industrial, or degraded land, while suspended agrivoltaic systems remain subject to environmental and landscape impact assessments (EIA). On industrial and productive land, photovoltaic systems are fully authorised. Provincial Law No. 4/2022 allows installations up to 50 kW through the Simplified Authorisation Procedure (PAS) and larger ones through the Integrated Energy Authorisation (AIE). Installations must be reversible, without permanent foundations, and comply with specified height and setback requirements. Further simplifications and incentives are planned for PV installations on industrial sites, former quarries, and disused landfills, with grants covering up to 40% of project costs and priority given to self-consumption and industrial energy transition initiatives.

In Umbria, the installation of elevated agrivoltaic systems on agricultural land is permitted only within areas officially designated as “suitable” under national and regional regulations, and must ensure the continuity of agricultural production. Land subject to landscape or environmental restrictions is excluded, except for specific cases such as Renewable Energy Communities (CER), PNRR/PNC-funded projects, revamping, and small self-consumption systems up to 20 kW. The new Regional Resolution (DGR 165/2025) introduces stricter criteria: simplified authorisation applies only to suitable areas, while projects located in excluded zones face a high risk of rejection. Authorisation is granted through either the Single Authorisation (AU) or the Simplified Procedure (PAS), depending on project size and location. Ongoing regulatory updates aim to expand suitable areas to include marginal or abandoned farmland. Advanced agrivoltaic systems are incentivised, with priority given to projects that maintain agricultural productivity and integrate innovative technologies. For ground-mounted photovoltaic systems, the Region limits land use to a maximum of 3% of each municipality’s agricultural surface and prohibits installations in high-value areas (UNESCO sites, the Assisi–Spoleto olive belt). Only CER, PNRR/PNC, revamping, and ≤20 kW self-consumption projects are allowed. Industrial zones, quarries, and degraded sites are classified as priority areas and benefit from simplified permitting procedures. The Regional Administrative Court (TAR Umbria, Ruling No. 473/2024) confirmed that photovoltaic installations on industrial land do not require building permits, as they are considered ordinary maintenance. Previous regional limits (50–70% land use) have been superseded to align with Legislative Decree 199/2021 and Ministerial Decree of 21 June 2024. The Region is now fully aligning with the national framework, which prioritises photovoltaic development on industrial and degraded land, aiming to accelerate the energy transition while safeguarding productive farmland.

In the Aosta Valley, the installation of elevated agrivoltaic systems on agricultural land is permitted under national legislation and GSE operational rules, provided that agricultural or pastoral activity continues beneath the structures. At least 70% of the land must remain cultivable or usable for grazing, with elevated modules (≥2.1 m for crops, ≥1.3 m for livestock) and mandatory agronomic monitoring. Ground-mounted photovoltaic systems remain prohibited, except for specific exemptions related to Renewable Energy Communities (CER), PNRR/PNC projects, revamping, and small self-consumption systems up to 20 kW. Ongoing discussions aim to expand eligible areas to include marginal or degraded land (such as former quarries) and to simplify authorisation procedures. The Region plans to issue dedicated guidelines and pilot initiatives, particularly in areas with traditional crops or high landscape value, such as terraced vineyards. Regional legislation aligns with the national framework (Legislative Decree 199/2021, Decree-Law 13/2024, and the 2024 Agrivoltaic Decree) but may introduce additional landscape or agronomic criteria. Installations can also be authorised on disused or degraded industrial sites through simplified procedures. For ground-mounted PV, the Aosta Valley explicitly prohibits new installations on agricultural land, allowing them only on rooftops, parking areas, remediated sites, or within 500 metres of industrial zones, provided there are no landscape or environmental restrictions. Regional priorities focus on already anthropised, industrial, or degraded surfaces — including former quarries and parking lots — while requests for agricultural land are evaluated on a case-by-case basis but remain heavily restricted. Industrial areas are classified as “suitable” for ground-mounted PV, benefiting from simplified permitting and incentives for the reuse of disused and degraded sites. The Region regularly issues dedicated calls for renewable energy projects in these areas and promotes alignment with the EU RED III directive to streamline permitting and accelerate the energy transition on non-agricultural land.

In Veneto, suspended agrivoltaic systems can be installed exclusively on agricultural land, provided that continuous agricultural or pastoral activity is maintained. The applicant (an agricultural entrepreneur or company) must submit a detailed agronomic report, including monitoring systems to demonstrate productivity and compliance with Article 2135 of the Italian Civil Code. Regional Law 17/2022 (as amended by L.R. 27/2024) reinforces this obligation and requires that installations preserve full agricultural use. High-value farmland, identified by provincial authorities, is excluded, and suitable or non-suitable areas are determined based on agronomic and landscape criteria. Future developments include regulatory updates following Legislative Decree 190/2024 (“Renewables Consolidated Act”), which will refine the classification of suitable areas and may simplify permitting for advanced suspended agrivoltaic systems integrated with agricultural operations. Regional incentives will prioritise projects demonstrating genuine dual-use benefits between agriculture and energy production. At the national level, Legislative Decree 199/2021 and Decree-Law 63/2024 maintain a general ban on ground-mounted photovoltaic systems on agricultural land, except for Renewable Energy Communities (CER), PNRR/PNC projects, revamping, and small systems ≤20 kW. The forthcoming “Suitable Areas Decree” will further harmonise authorisation criteria across regions. Regionally, Veneto has exclusive competence for photovoltaic and agrivoltaic installations up to 300 MW and can issue implementing decrees rapidly. Recent measures prioritise fully integrated agricultural-energy projects, introduce ex-post compliance checks on crop yield, and exclude speculative operators. Ground-mounted photovoltaic systems are prohibited on farmland but fully authorised on industrial and degraded sites, which are recognised as “suitable areas” under both national and regional law. Regional Decree No. 8/2025 streamlines authorisation procedures (PAS, AU) for industrial sites, quarries, and landfills, while incentives support repowering, CER projects, and energy regeneration on non-agricultural land.